Concepts of Programming Languages

Overview

Sebastian Macke

Rosenheim Technical University

Categorization of programming languages

Programming languages can be categorized in many ways

Wikipedia list of Programming Languages Categorization Lists

2

Evolution of Programming Languages

img/01-languages.png

3

Fortran I (1957) looks familiar

4

Categorization by Popularity

5

Programming language Paradigms

6

Imperative vs Declarative I in HTML/JavaScript

<html>
    <body>
        <script>
            let btn = document.createElement("button");
            btn.innerHTML = "Click Me";
            document.body.appendChild(btn);
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
<html>
    <body>
        <button>Click Me</button>
    </body>
</html>
7

Degress of Declarative Code in Java

List<Integer> integers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < integers.size(); i++) {
    sum += integers.get(i);
}
sum = 0;
integers.forEach(n -> {sum += n;});

sum = integers.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum();
int sum = math.sum(integers);
8

Degress of Declarative Code in Java (Part 2)

Sum the array of integers.
9

Categorization of Programming Language by Domains

10

Orthogonal Classifications I

11

Language Design Trade-Offs

Java bounds checking of all arrays accesses is expensive.

C++ allows for many abstractions, allows complex computations to be written in a compact form, but is hard to read.

C pointers are powerful and very flexible but are unreliable and error prone.

12

Some Thoughts

“There are only two kinds of languages: the ones people complain about and the ones nobody uses.”
( Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language)

13

Thank you

Sebastian Macke

Rosenheim Technical University

Sebastian.Macke@th-rosenheim.de

https://www.qaware.de

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